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MINOR AILMENTS IN PREGNANCY 

pratiksha.jagtap30.2017@gmail.com

MINOR AILMENTS IN PREGNANCY 


Definition:
” The minor complaints of pregnant women that occurs due to physiological alteration of hormones (oestrogen , progesterone , prolactin ) and other causative factors which can be managed without medical intervention “
MINOR AILMENTS IN PREGNANCY :
  1. Nausea and vomiting
  2. Backache
  3. Constipation
  4. Leg cramp
  5. Acidity and heartburn
  6. Varicose vein
  7. Hemorrhoids
  8. Carpal tunnel syndrome(10%)
  9. Round ligament pain
  10. Ptyalism
  11. Syncope
  12. Ankle edema
  13. Vaginal discharge

Minor ailments in pregnancy and its management :

 
  • NAUSEA  AND VOMITING : Nausea and vomiting especially in the morning, soon after getting out of bed, are usually common in primigravidae . They usually appears following the first or second missed period and subside by the end of first trimester . About 50% have both nausea and vomiting , 25% have nausea only and 25% are unaffected .

            Management of nausea and vomiting : Three main measures can reduce the problem……

  1. Dietary changes : To take dry toast , biscuit and protein rich meals . Frequent small foods are help full . Fatty foods are avoided.
  2. Behavior modification : To avoid personal triggering factor . The women can identify her self , this factors . Initial supplementation with vitamin B1 and B6 is started.
  3. Medication : Medication such as antiemetics prescribe by physician .
  • BACKACHE : 
  1. It is common problem (50%) in pregnancy.
  2. Physiological changes that contribute to back ache are – joint ligament laxity (relaxin, estrogen ), weight gain , hyperlordosis and anterior tilt of the pelvic .
  3. other factor may be faulty posture and high heel shoes , muscular spasm , urinary infection or constipation.
  4. excessive weight gain should be avoided

 Management of Backache :

  • Rest with elevation of the legs to flex the hips may be helpful
  • Improvement of posture , well-fitted pelvic girdle belt which corrects the lumbar lordosis during walking and rest in hard bed often relives the symptoms
  • Massaging the back muscles , analgesics and rest relief the pain due to muscle spasm

CONSTIPATION : 

  1. It is quite common ailments during pregnancy .
  2. Atonicity of the gut due to the effects of progesterone , diminished physical activity and pressure of the gravid uterus on the pelvic colon due are the possible explanation
  3. Regular bowel habit may be restored with advice mentioned earlier .

LEG CRAMPS :


  1. It may be due to deficiency of diffusible serum calcium or elevation of serum phosphorus .

Management of leg cramp :

  1.  Supplementary calcium therapy in tablet or syrup after the principal meals may be effective
  2. Massaging the leg , application of local heat and intake of vitamin B1 daily may be effective

ACIDITY AND HEARTBURN :

  1. Heartburn is common in pregnancy due to relaxation of the esophageal sphincter.
  2. hiatus hernia which is common during pregnancy can also produce heartburn, especially when the patient is lying down position

Management :

 

  1. Patient is advice to avoid overeating and not to go to bed immediately after the meals
  2. Sleeping in semi reclining position with high pillows relives the symptoms of hiatus hernia
  3. Liquid antacid may be helpful

VARICOSE VEINS : 


  1. Varicose vein in the legs and vulva (varicosities) or rectum  (hemorrhoid ) may appears for the first time or aggravate during pregnancy , usually in later month
  2. It is due to obstruction in the venous return by the pregnant uterus

Management :

  1. Elastic crepe bandage during movements and elevation of the limbs during rest can give symptomatic relief
  2. Specific therapy is better to be avoided
  3. Varicosities usually disappears following delivery

HEMORRHOIDS :

  1. It may cause annoying complications like bleeding or may gets prolapsed

Management :

  1. Regular use of laxatives to keep the bowel soft ,
  2. Local application of hydrocortisone ointment and replacement of the piles if prolapsed are essential
  3. Surgical treatment is better to withheld as the condition sharply improves following delivery

PTYALISM :

  1. Increase secretion of saliva is observe during pregnancy
  2. It may be associated with increased intake of the starch ,through actual cause is unknown

Management :

  1. This problem is usually self-limiting and may be overcome by decreases intake of carbohydrates
  2. It is not associated with any adverse pregnancy outcome

ANKLE EDEMA :


  1. Excessive fluid retention as evidenced by marked gain in weight or evidences of pre-eclampsia has to be excluded

Management :

  1. No treatment is required for physiological edema or orthostatic edema
  2. Edema subsides on rest with slight elevation of the limbs
  3. Diuretics should not be prescribed

VAGINAL DISCHARGE :

  1. Assurance to the patient and advice for local cleanliness are all that are required
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